Defects in Metal Material Forming Processing, Part 12

Defects in metal forming processes can arise due to various factors, including material properties, process parameters, and environmental conditions. Here are some common defects associated with metal forming:

Mechanical damage

External force acts on the surface of the product or the displacement between the layers of the plate, strip or foil, causing scratches on the surface in the form of strips, bundles, pits, sharp grooves and other shapes. Common scratches include abrasions, scratches, bumps and crushing.